En inglés, el uso de las formas cortas es muy común, en particular, se utilizan en el lenguaje coloquial y en situaciones informales.
Los verbos en el presente que tienen formas cortas son "to be" (ser/estar) y "to have"/"have got" (tener). "To do" (forma auxiliar) tiene una forma corta, pero solo en el negativo.
- To be
Afirmativo | Forma corta | Negativo | Forma corta |
I am | I'm | I am not | I'm not |
You are | You're | You are not | You're not/You aren't |
He is | He's | He is not | He's not/He isn't |
She is | She's | She is not | She's not/She isn't |
It is | It's | It is not | It's not/It isn't |
We are | We're | We are not | We're not/We aren't |
They are | They're | They are not | They're not/They aren't |
Ejemplos:
I'm happy. (Estoy contento.)
You're tall. (Eres alto.)
She's pretty. (Es guapa.)
It's 10:00. (Son las 10h.)
He's not here./He isn't here. (No está aqui.)
They're not Spanish./They aren't Spanish. (No son españoles.)
- To have/have got
Afirmativo | Forma corta | Negativo | Forma corta |
I have | I've | I have not | I've not/I haven't |
You have | You've | You have not | You've not/You haven't |
He has | He's | He has not | He's not/He hasn't |
She has | She's | She has not | She's not/She hasn't |
It has | It's | It has not | It's not/It hasn't |
We have | We've | We have not | We've not/We haven't |
They have | They've | They have not | They've not/They haven't |
Ejemplos:
I've got a car. (Tengo un coche.)
You've got blue eyes. (Tienes ojos azules.)
He's got big feet. (Tiene pies grandes.)
It's [the cat] not got a home./It hasn't got a home. (No tiene una casa.)
They've not got children./They haven't got children. (No tienen niños.)
Nota: Solemos usar la forma corta para "have got" en el presente en vez de la forma larga. No usamos la forma corta de "to have" para indicar posesión. Veremos ejemplos del uso de la forma corta de "to have" en la lección del pretérito perfecto.
Para indicar posesión, no podemos decir:
- To do
Negativo | Forma corta |
I do not | I don't |
You do not | You don't |
He does not | He doesn't |
She does not | She doesn't |
It does not | It doesn't |
We do not | We don't |
They do not | They don't |
Ejemplos:
I don't know. (No sé.)
She doesn't like ice cream. (No le gusta el helado.)
It doesn't snow here. (No nieva aquí.)
We don't have children. (No tenemos niños.)
Nota: Hay más información sobre el uso del auxiliar en las lecciones sobre construir frases y los verbos
- Ademas de los pronombres personales, podemos usar formas cortas con pronombres interogativos y las palabras "here" (aquí), "there" (allí) y "that" (eso).
Forma larga | Forma corta |
What is | What's |
Who is | Who's |
When is | When's |
Where is | Where's |
How is | How's |
Here is | Here's |
There is | There's |
That is | That's |
Ejemplos:
Where's the concert? (¿Dónde está el concierto?)
Who's that? (¿Quién es?)
How's your father? (¿Cómo está tu padre?)
Here's the book. (Aquá está el libro.)
That's mine. (Eso es mío.)
Nota: Hay mas formas cortas con otro tiempos verbales. Las veremos en las lecciones correspondientes.
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